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| By AARON SKETCHLEY (aaronsketch@HOTdelete_thisMAIL.com) | Ver 1.4 2015.02.25 |
Official Setting information is in darkgreen. Extended Universe information is in steelblue.
| Avionics Devices: Airborne Control and ECM/ECCM Devices |
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| Table Of Contents | |
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Introduction
The following devices are either internally mounted or externally mounted (on munitions or dedicated electronics hard-points). Devices that are not specifically indicated in a vehicle's stats *may* be optionally mounted on an external hard-point (they container for the device is approximately the size of an AMM-1/medium range missile).Some vehicles (such as the VF-0, EVA-3, VF-11, VF-17, RVF-171(EX) and RVF-25) can have the devices mounted and plugged into their airframes and be ready to operate. Other vehicles require software updates and overwrites to allow the devices to properly communicate with the vehicle's FCS and other avionics systems. In extreme cases, a laptop-sized interface must be installed in the rear seat of the vehicle.
Airborne Control Craft Device
The system is used offensively to direct fighters to their target locations, and defensively to counter attacks. In air-to-air combat, the system can communicate with friendly aircraft, extending their sensor range and giving them added stealth since they no longer need their own active radar to detect threats. Control craft are primarly responsible for the management of asset activities within the operational environment based on the commands, direction, and guidance given by appropriate authority.- MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CRAFT CONTROLLED: 36 per device
NOTE: craft controlled means the number of craft that are in a constant, uninterrupted data-link with the control craft, exchanging such things as sensor readings and other tactical information. - AVAILABLE: 2009
IDECM (Integrated Defensive Electronic CounterMeasures)
The IDECM is a jamming system that uses a combination of onboard transmitters and the FOTD, if the vehicle is equipped with one, to deceive enemy radars and missile systems. The IDECM suite is intended to provide self-protection and increased survivability for tactical aircraft against radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) surface-to-air and air-to-air threats. It integrates specific electronic self protection systems on the host aircraft, such as the RWS (Radar Warning System, located on the tips of the wings) (can roughly calculate the direction and the distance of many different types of radar from various aircraft and missile types. The RWS can also display the status of the tracking aircraft's radar. It can differentiate between search radar, tracking radar, and missile-homing radar), the CMWS (Common Missile Warning System), the chaff/flare dispenser, the AN/ALE-55 FOTD launch controller/dispenser and the RFCM (Radio Frequency CounterMeasures). Integration of these systems is intended to provide threat system warning, threat missile detection/warning, and automatically initiates the most effective countermeasure response to increase survivability of the host aircraft against IR and RF threats.The RFCM consists of an onboard receiver/processor/techniques generator which stimulates the retractable EC antenna or AN/ALE-55 FOTD for transmission of the countermeasure technique.
- AVAILABLE: 2004
AN/ALE-55 FOTD (Fiber-optic Towed Decoy)
The FOTD is a supplement traditional radar jamming equipment to provide protection against modern radar-guided missiles. The device is towed while transmitting a signal like that of a threat radar. It's jamming can be used across a broad frequency range to defeat advanced RF threats. The AN/ALE-55 defeats RF threats by delivering three layers of defense:1) The FOTD is used to emit jamming that suppress an enemy's radar's ability to acquire and track the target.
2) If the craft is being successful target tracked, the system analyzes the radar emissions and determines optimum jamming techniques to break aircraft track. If more than one radar threat is detected, the system can respond with simultaneous transmission of multiple jamming techniques.
3) If an RF missile is launched, the FOTD can break the missile's track of the aircraft or lure the missile away from the target aircraft by itself becoming the target. The missile will detect and lock onto the decoy rather than on the aircraft. This is achieved by making the decoy's radiated signal stronger than that of the aircraft.
- PRIMARY PURPOSE: defence
- RANGE - FOTD: varying distances behind the vehicle. Usually far enough behind that an exploding missile will not harm the vehicle.
- RANGE - JAMMING: 50 km
Note: the more frequencies being jammed, the less effectively each is jammed. Range reduction is total range divided by frequencies jammed. E.g.: 1 frequency = 50 km. 2 frequencies = 25 km. 10 frequencies = 2.5 km. - EFFECTS - Track Bracking:
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01-35 Targeting Radar successfully jammed! Cannot attempt to reacquire for 1D4 melees.
36-70 Targeting Radar disrupted. Missile targeting attempt foiled. Opponent can still launch missiles, but they only have a 10% chance of acquiring your vehicle as a target every action they are facing your vehicle. Effects are cummulative.
71-00 No effect. - EFFECTS - Missile Luring:
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01-35 Missile loses track of its target. Depending on the missile type and its remaining fuel, it could reacquire you, or another target in the area.
36-70 Missile targets the FOTD and explodes harmlessly in the countermeasure. FOTD is lost.
71-00 No effect. - RATE OF FIRE: The FOTD can be rapidly launched, has stable flight across wide speed and altitude variations, and can be reeled back in.
- PAYLOAD: one AN/ALE-55 subsystem
- AVAILABLE: 2004
AN/ALQ-220 A OASIS (Organic Airborne and Surface Influence Sweep)
Consists of a surface minesweeping device towed by a vehicle flying at low altitude. It allows commanders to perform rapid minesweeping missions. It is designed to provide organic, high speed magnetic/acoustic influence minesweeping capability where minehunting is not feasible (adverse environmental conditions), where mines are undetectable (buried), and avoidance of the area is not an option. It provides high-speed influence mine sweeping capability by generating and imparting underwater magnetic and acoustic signature fields capable of sweeping a wide range of magnetic, acoustic and combination magnetic/acoustic influence threat mines at tactically significant water depths.- PRIMARY PURPOSE: detection
- RANGE: 1,000 m (both for mines and detonation of mines.)
- RATE OF FIRE: The device can be rapidly launched, and can be reeled back in.
- PAYLOAD: one minsweeping device [deployable in GERWALK mode only]
- AVAILABLE: 2004
AN/ALQ-131(V) ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURES
Handles known, emerging and future terminal threats in a variety of complex, dense threat environments. The AN/ALQ-131(V) electronic countermeasures (ECM) pod is one of the most successful ECM systems ever built. It is designed to easily add new capabilities, and features:- PRIMARY PURPOSE: defence
- RANGE - JAMMING: 50 km
Note: the more frequencies being jammed, the less effectively each is jammed. Range reduction is total range divided by frequencies jammed. E.g.: 1 frequency = 50 km. 2 frequencies = 25 km. 10 frequencies = 2.5 km. - EFFECTS - Track Bracking:
-
01-35 Targeting Radar successfully jammed! Cannot attempt to reacquire for 1D4 melees.
36-70 Targeting Radar disrupted. Missile targeting attempt foiled. Opponent can still launch missiles, but they only have a 10% chance of acquiring your vehicle as a target every action they are facing your vehicle. Effects are cummulative.
71-00 No effect. - AVAILABLE: 2004
AN/ALQ-167 EW TRAINING PODS
Applications include ECCM training, radar test and evaluation as well as tactical self-protection, escort and stand-off jamming. It provides jamming against both airborne and ground based AI radars and GCI radars during air intercept and simulated attack missions (including jamming combined with threat radar simulation). It also provides support and escort jamming during exercises and tactical missions combining simultaneous jamming, threat radar simulation and chaff. Jamming modes are Noise: Spot, Swept, Barrage, Blinking, Swept Amplitude Modulation, Repeater Amplitude Modulation- PRIMARY PURPOSE: self-protection jamming
- RANGE - JAMMING: 50 km
Note: the more frequencies being jammed, the less effectively each is jammed. Range reduction is total range divided by frequencies jammed. E.g.: 1 frequency = 50 km. 2 frequencies = 25 km. 10 frequencies = 2.5 km. - EFFECTS - Track Bracking:
-
01-35 Targeting Radar successfully jammed! Cannot attempt to reacquire for 1D4 melees.
36-70 Targeting Radar disrupted. Missile targeting attempt foiled. Opponent can still launch missiles, but they only have a 10% chance of acquiring your vehicle as a target every action they are facing your vehicle. Effects are cummulative.
71-00 No effect. - AVAILABLE: 2004
ALQ-192 COMMUNICATION JAMMING DEVICE
Creates a transmission of radio signals that disrupt radio communications by decreasing the signal to noise ratio. The radio transmitter is tuned to the same frequency as the opponents' receiving equipment and with the same type of modulation, can override any signal at the receiver. The most common types of this form of signal jamming are random noise, random pulse, stepped tones, warbler, random keyed modulated CW, tone, rotary, pulse, spark, recorded sounds, gulls, and sweep-through. These can be divided into two groups -- obvious and subtle.- RANGE: 350 km
- NUMBER OF RADIO FREQUENCIES JAMMED: 25%
- OBVIOUS JAMMING: is easy to detect because it can be heard on the receiving equipment. It usually is some type of noise such as stepped tones, random-keyed code, pulses, music (often distorted), erratically warbling tones, highly distorted speech, random noise (hiss) and recorded sounds. Various combinations of these methods may be used often accompanied by regular morse identification signal to enable individual transmitters to be identified in order to assess their effectiveness. The purpose of this type of jamming is to block out reception of transmitted signals and to cause a nuisance to the receiving operator.
- SUBTLE JAMMING: is jamming during which no sound is heard on the receiving equipment. The radio does not receive incoming signals yet everything seems superficially normal to the operator. These are often technical attacks on modern equipment, such as "squelch capture".
- AVAILABLE: 2020
FREQUENCY BAND DEVICE
Increases the number of frequencies jammed by the ALQ-192 Communication Jamming Device.- NUMBER OF RADIO FREQUENCIES JAMMED: 25% per additional device
- AVAILABLE: 2020
ALQ-199 TACTICAL NOISE JAMMING DEVICE
Radiates electronic jamming that interferes with enemy radar, blocking the receiver with highly concentrated energy signals. The two main technique styles are noise techniques and repeater techniques. The three types of noise jamming are spot, sweep, and barrage.- RANGE: 350 km (or less, pending which type of jamming is used).
Note: the more frequencies being jammed, the less effectively each is jammed. Range reduction is total range divided by frequencies jammed. E.g.: 1 frequency = 350 km. 2 frequencies = 175 km. 10 frequencies = 35 km. - EFFECTS - Track Bracking:
-
01-35 Targeting Radar successfully jammed! Cannot attempt to reacquire for 1D4 melees.
36-70 Targeting Radar disrupted. Missile targeting attempt foiled. Opponent can still launch missiles, but they only have a 10% chance of acquiring your vehicle as a target every action they are facing your vehicle. Effects are cummulative.
71-00 No effect. - SPOT JAMMING: occurs when a jammer focuses all of its power on a single frequency. While this would severely degrade the ability to track on the jammed frequency, a frequency agile radar would hardly be affected because the jammer can only jam one frequency. While multiple jammers could possibly jam a range of frequencies, this would consume a great deal of resources to have any effect on a frequency-agile radar, and would probably still be ineffective.
- SWEEP JAMMING: is when a jammer's full power is shifted from one frequency to another. While this has the advantage of being able to jam multiple frequencies in quick succession, it does not affect them all at the same time, and thus limits the effectiveness of this type of jamming. Although, depending on the error checking in the device(s) this can render a wide range of devices effectively useless.
- BARRAGE JAMMING: is the jamming of multiple frequencies at once by a single jammer. The advantage is that multiple frequencies can be jammed simultaneously; however, the jamming effect can be limited because this requires the jammer to spread its full power between these frequencies. So the more frequencies being jammed, the less effectively each is jammed. Range reduction is total range divided by frequencies jammed. E.g.: 1 frequency = 350 km. 2 frequencies = 175 km. 10 frequencies = 35 km.
- BASE JAMMING: is a new type of Barrage Jamming where one radar is jammed effectively at its source at all frequencies. However, all other radars continue working normally.
- DRFM (DIGITAL RADIO FREQUENCY MEMORY) JAMMING: or Repeater jamming is a repeater technique that manipulates received radar energy and retransmits it to change the return the radar sees. This technique can change the range the radar detects by changing the delay in transmission of pulses, the velocity the radar detects by changing the doppler shift of the transmitted signal, or the angle to the plane by using AM techniques to transmit into the sidelobes of the radar.
- AVAILABLE: 2020
ALQ-200 MULTI-BAND TRACK BREAKER
Is used to deceive enemy tracking radar in single target track mode. These are typically fire control radars associated with SAMs, AAMs and AAA. Track breaking techniques are therefore of major importance in tactical and strategic aircraft.Track breakers attack the automatic tracking mechanism of the victim radar. If the threat is a pulsed radar a track breaker will usually transmit a 'cover pulse' at the same time as the return pulse. This masks the return and the victim tracking mechanism is then allowed to lock on to the cover pulse rather than the weaker real return. The jammer has then seduced the tracking mechanism and can, within limits, move the target about its real position and typically turn it off to break lock.
The target will often be made to erratically jitter which makes it impossible to accurately guide a missile or fire a gun at the target.
- RANGE: 350 km (or less, pending which type of jamming is used).
Note: the more frequencies being jammed, the less effectively each is jammed. Range reduction is total range divided by frequencies jammed. E.g.: 1 frequency = 350 km. 2 frequencies = 175 km. 10 frequencies = 35 km. - EFFECTS - Track Bracking:
-
01-35 Targeting Radar successfully jammed! Cannot attempt to reacquire for 1D4 melees.
36-70 Targeting Radar disrupted. Missile targeting attempt foiled. Opponent can still launch missiles, but they only have a 10% chance of acquiring your vehicle as a target every action they are facing your vehicle. Effects are cummulative.
71-00 No effect. - AVAILABLE: 2020
AN/ALQ-218 TACTICAL JAMMING RECEIVER
It provides real-time situational awareness for tactical cueing of jammers/ onboard sensors. It is the first tactical jamming receiver system with proven "look-through" software to permit periodic surveillance of the threat environment while jamming is in progress. The "lookthrough" capability allows the ALQ-218 receiver system to operate in close proximity to onboard high power jammers. It provides vehicles equipped with it the ability to precisely identify and pinpoint the location of enemy radar sites for a more effective use of HARM missiles.- RANGE: 350 km (or less, pending which type of jamming is used).
Note: the more frequencies being jammed, the less effectively each is jammed. Range reduction is total range divided by frequencies jammed. E.g.: 1 frequency = 350 km. 2 frequencies = 175 km. 10 frequencies = 35 km. - EFFECTS - Track Bracking:
-
01-35 Targeting Radar successfully jammed! Cannot attempt to reacquire for 1D4 melees.
36-70 Targeting Radar disrupted. Missile targeting attempt foiled. Opponent can still launch missiles, but they only have a 10% chance of acquiring your vehicle as a target every action they are facing your vehicle. Effects are cummulative.
71-00 No effect. - AVAILABLE: 2030
REFERENCES
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